First Name | Arthur Lee |
Last Name | Whitfield |
Year of Conviction | 1982 |
Year of Exoneration | 2004 |
Testing inculpated culprit | Cold Hit |
State of Conviction | Virginia |
Trial, Bench Trial, or Guilty Plea | Trial |
Type of Crime | Rape |
Death Sentence | No |
Gender of Exoneree | Male |
Race of exoneree | Black |
Juvenile | No |
Type of Innocence Defense |
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Description / Quotes from Testimony Concerning Defense | ● Missing defense portion of trial transcript. |
Did the defendant testify at trial? | Yes |
Types of evidence at trial |
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Identity of eyewitness |
|
Multiple eyewitnesses | 3 |
Lineup Procedures |
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Suggestive Procedures | Yes ● Show-up – showed single photo of Whitfield to victim after line-up ● Suggestive line-up ● Victim not told attacker might not be present – one victim told police had the attacker before line-up |
Quotes from testimony #1 | Police showed victims a single photograph of thedefendant, nude and of his genitals, after line-up. The first victim was told, “Just come down for a lineup, that they had a man that might possible be the person” First victim said there was only one other man with a light-complexion in the line-up. Second victim testified: “Q. Were any others in the lineup the same complexion as this man? A. No.” Both victims present at police station for line-up, so before second victim viewed line-up, she saw first who “came in and started crying. I knew then she saw the man that raped her and she just cried.” |
Unreliable Identification? | Yes ● Initially uncertain● Discrepancy in description – facial hair |
Quotes from testimony #2 | One victim initially chose six photos frommug shots, stating, and recalled at trial, "I picked his and a few other ones out.” Officer read at trial description the victim gave as "shaven" but claims she was "unsure of whether or not he did have any facial hair or not" – yet defendant had a beard and mustache. Victim testified, “I said I don’t believe he had any facial hair. |
Highest level reached | NR |